What causes trichinosis?

Trichinosis is caused by a roundworm called Trichinella spiralis.

Lifecycle:  The larvae of the roundworm grows and mates in the intestines of the host animal.  The females deposit larvae that travel in the blood to other parts of the body where they form cysts in the muscle.  Animals become infected when they eat meat with cysts.
 

Where does trichinosis occur?

Trichinosis occurs in bears (black, grizzly and polar bears), wolves, foxes (arctic and red), wolverine, lynx, walruses, seals, and ground squirrels.

In the NWT and Nunavut, trichinosis is common in many species and locations.

Humans and dogs can also get trichinosis by eating infected meat.
 

What are the signs of trichinosis?

Animals may appear healthy.

Trichinosis is hard to detect when butchering because there are few signs.

Larvae form cysts usually in the muscles of the jaw, tongue, and diaphragm.

Cysts may not be visible to the naked eye.

Animals may have swollen intestines with small bruises.

Affected muscles and associated lymph nodes (glands) can be soft and swollen.
 

How can I protect myself?

You can get trichinosis by eating meat from infected animals that has not been thoroughly cooked.

All bear meat should be considered possibly infected
 

Can I eat the meat?

People can get trichinosis by eating infected meat that has not been adequately cooked. 

Meat should be well cooked (internal temperature of meat should be at least 150° F)

Freezing, smoking, drying, salting and microwaving may not kill the larvae.

Do not feed infected parts to dogs.
 

Samples to collect

tongue and jaw muscles, diaphragm

A large sample of muscle (at least 100 g) is required for analysis.