Wound caused by scavenging, an important form of anthrax transmissions.  Raven droppings are also visible.

Bison recently dead from anthrax (note typical saw-horse position of legs).

What causes anthrax?

Anthrax is caused by a bacteria (Bacillus anthracis).

The bacteria forms spores that may live for many years in soil, water, or animal matter. 

Anthrax is spread when an animal eats or inhales spores found in the soil.
 

Where does anthrax occur?

Anthrax can occur in any warm-blooded animal and may infect humans.

In the NWT, anthrax occurs most commonly in bison.

Anthrax outbreaks have occurred in Wood Buffalo National Park, the Slave River Lowlands and the Mackenzie Bison Sanctuary.

Almost all cases of anthrax in the NWT have occurred in summer.

Anthrax usually affects old bulls.
 

What are the signs of anthrax?

Bison with anthrax may stagger or walk with a stiff-legged gait or limp.

They may appear depressed or indifferent.

There may be blood or other discharges coming from body openings.

There may be swellings on various parts of body.

Bison usually die within a few days after becoming infected.

Bison killed by anthrax are often found on their back or side with their legs in a saw-horse position.

The carcass decomposes very quickly and will bloat with gas.

Usually, there are no signs of a struggle (scraping on ground).
 

How can I protect myself?

You can get anthrax through contact with infected animals.  The bacteria can enter through cuts or scratches in your skin or through your eyes, nose or mouth. You can also get anthrax by inhaling spores from contaminated objects or by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal.

Do not approach bison suspected of having anthrax.

Any person who may have been should call the local nursing station or hospital immediately.

Report any sick animals or dead bison to your local Renewable Resource Officer.
 

Can I eat the meat?

Do not feed infected meat to dogs.
 

Samples to collect

Do not collect samples.

Contact your local Renewable Resource Officer.