|
|
Journal
Publications
Frame P.F, H.D. Cluff and D.S. Hik.
2007. Response of Wolves to Experimental
Disturbance at Homesites. The
Journal of Wildlife Management 71(2):316-320.
ABSTRACT
Events during the denning period (parturition to first
autumn) often determine the reproductive success of wolves (Canis lupus).
Consequently, there is concern about the potential adverse effects of
human-caused disturbance at wolf den and rendezvous sites (homesites), but
relatively little information on this subject is available. We conducted
standardized experimental disturbance treatments at 12 unique wolf homesites
in the Northwest Territories, Canada, during summers 2002 and 2003. The
treatment consisted of an intruder approaching a homesite once per day for 3
consecutive days and recording behavioral responses, response distance, and
response intensity of wolves. We counted pups and estimated their ages prior
to the initial treatment at each site. Adult wolves moved pups at 3 of 6
treated homesites in each year. The amount and type of known human activity
within a pack’s home range did not influence whether adults moved pups in
response to the treatment. The response intensity of wolves to the treatment
was inversely related to the amount of human activity near a homesite. There
was no relationship between the distance at which wolves responded to the
intruder and the amount or type of human activity. There was a positive
relationship between increasing age of pups and their relocation in response
to the treatment. Reproductive success was not influenced by the treatment
or by the amount and type of human activity. Treated sites were used by
wolves the following year in the same proportion as untreated sites. It
appears that pups are most vulnerable early in the year when less mobile;
therefore, managers should consider age of pups before human activity at or
near wolf homesites occurs. |
